1.1 Principle of Action:

Xanax exerts its effects by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity. By increasing GABA activity, Xanax induces feelings of relaxation and sedation, alleviating symptoms of anxiety and panic.

1.2 Indications:

Xanax is indicated for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and anxiety associated with depression. It is also sometimes used off-label for other conditions, such as insomnia and certain types of muscle spasms.

1.3 Contraindications:

Xanax is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines or any of the inactive ingredients in Xanax. It should also be avoided in patients with acute narrow-angle glaucoma and those with a history of substance abuse or addiction.

1.4 Side Effects:

Common side effects of Xanax include drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, blurred vision, and dry mouth. More serious side effects may include confusion, memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and respiratory depression, particularly at higher doses or in individuals with respiratory conditions.

1.5 Release Forms and Dosages:

Xanax is available in immediate-release (IR) tablets and extended-release (XR) formulations.

• Immediate-Release (IR): IR Xanax tablets are typically available in strengths ranging from 0.25 mg to 2 mg. The usual starting dose for adults with anxiety disorders is 0.25 mg to 0.5 mg three times daily, with dosing adjustments made based on individual response and tolerance.
• Extended-Release (XR): Xanax XR tablets provide a controlled-release formulation for once-daily dosing. They are available in strengths of 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, and 3 mg. The recommended starting dose for adults is usually 0.5 mg to 1 mg once daily, with adjustments made as needed under medical supervision.